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What is an ulcer, what causes them and how to prevent them?
An ulcer is an injury that occurs in the skin, or in the mucosa of the internal organs. In addition to the stomach, it can appear on the legs and veins.
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When we listen to the word “ulcer” we relate it to lesions in stomach or intestine lining, which cause pain and acidity. However, there are other areas of the body in which they can arise, such as on the feet, hips and arteries.
An ulcer is an injury that occurs in the skin, or in the mucosa of the internal organs. An ulcer is formed when surface cells become inflamed, die and discarded. It is characterized by the loss of fabric and the exposure of the underlying layers, explains Carlos Gutiérrez, internist doctor.
“These lesions are also known as sores. Among the symptoms that cause, in a general way, it is pain, redness of the area, swelling, secretion and even fever. But these discomforts will depend on the area where the ulcer is have,” adds the specialist.
Causes and types of ulcers
There are several factors that damage the first layer of the inner lining of an organ and therefore, they cause an ulcer. The most common type are those that affect the stomach mucosa or the duodenum, however, there are also other types of ulcers.
Peptic ulcer
The lesion is caused in the stomach or the duodenum (first part of the small intestine). The main cause is bacteria Helicobacter pylori and the constant use of non -steroid anti -inflammatory drugs.
Other factors that also affect the Appearance of a peptic ulcer It is consuming too much alcohol, smoking cigarette or chewing tobacco, radiation treatments, stress and being connected to a respirator, by some more serious disease, says Mario López, gastroenterologist.
Either an ulcer in the stomach or the duodenum, causes pain in the mouth of the stomach, feeling of satiety too soon during or after the food, the empty stomach also feels after one or three hours of having eaten. Nausea, vomiting, fatigue, constant gastric acidity, among other discomforts.
To prevent these problems of the digestive system, the ideal is to change habits. For example, quit smoking and consume less alcohol. In case the cause is the consumption of pain medications, your doctor must recommend other medications.
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Pressure ulcer
It occurs when in some area of the skin there is sustained pressure, for example, in the hips, heels or sacrum, and damage occurs due to lack of blood flow in the area. It is more common in limited mobility people, such as those who are in wheelchairs or prostrated in a bed.
Too much pressure in an area cuts the flow of the blood to the skin, causing damage to the tissue and deterioration of the skin. It usually appears when sitting or lying for a long time without changing the support of the body’s weight, very tight clothing or shoes, for blows or falls.
People who suffer from paralysis are under their normal weight or have circulation problems are more likely to suffer a pressure ulcer. To avoid this injury, it is recommended:
- Move or get up to relieve pressure in areas that have been under pressure.
- When you feel in your wheelchair you must perform pressure relief every 15 or 30 minutes with a duration of at least 30 to 90 seconds.
Venous ulcer
It is formed by chronic venous insufficiency, a disorder in which the valves of the veins of the legs do not work properly and cause blood accumulation and edema formation.
According to Gutierrez, the lesions cause blood to flow in the opposite direction and cause blood accumulation in the veins, which generates venous insufficiency and an additional increase in pressure. In these cases, the veins swell and darken.
“The pressure that is generated obstructs the oxygen and nutrients of the tissues, which causes their deterioration. Sometimes, liquids are filtered and a skin wound called venous ulcer appears,” explains the doctor.
In its early stage, this type of ulcer causes itching in the leg and pain. Then he feels heaviness in the leg, hardened and discolored skin, they have cramps, tingling and swelling frequently.
The most prone people to suffer them are the ones who have obesity, leg injuries and a sedentary lifestyle. Also excess tobacco can be a risk factor.