Known as “the silent murderer”, Hypertension It has no obvious symptoms in its initial stages. It is a condition that, if not treated properly, can compromise life. Lack of control can lead to serious heart complicationsthe brain, the kidneys, the eyes and other vital organs.
According to the portal Medlineplusblood pressure is “a force measurement exerted against the walls of the arteries as the heart pumps blood to your body.”
The internist Eduardo Rojas explains that a pressure of 140/90 millimeters of mercury (MMHG) is already considered phase 2 and requires urgent medical care. From that level, the risks of suffering a stroke, a heart attack, renal or cardiac failure increase.
Rojas emphasizes that one of the main problems is the absence of obvious symptoms, which leads many people to trust and not consult in time. “It is known as ‘The silent murderer’ because, in most cases, there is no symptoms. This generates confidence in people, since they can have high pressure without any discomfort,” he explains.
What are the symptoms of high pressure?
Although it is usually asymptomatic, there are signs that can alert when presenting frequently:
- Headache, especially on the back
- Dizziness or loss of balance
- Buzzing
- Sensation of chest oppression
- Difficulty breathing
“When these symptoms occur simultaneously and intensify, there is an imminent risk of stroke or myocardial infarction,” says Rojas.
How to control hypertension and its treatments
The treatment is divided into two approaches: pharmacological and non -pharmacological. The latter is fundamental in early stages and is based on lifestyle modifications:
- Regular exercise: 30 to 40 minutes a day can reduce the pressure between 5 and 7 mmHg.
- Salt reduction: It is recommended to limit sodium consumption to less than 1,500 mg daily.
- Healthy eating: Include fruits such as grapes and apples, and green leafy vegetables that help release nitric oxide, which relaxes arteries.
- Stress management: Decrease cortisol and other hormones that raise blood pressure.
- Sleep properly: Maintain a constant sleep schedule from 7 to 8 hours a day.
- Avoid tobacco and reduce alcohol consumption: Both raise pressure without providing benefits.
- Weight control: reduce at least 10% of body weight in three or four months significantly improves pressure levels.
“Applying these changes, it is possible to reduce between 20 and 25 mmHg without the need for medications. Yes, despite everything, the values remain high, it is considered to start pharmacological treatment,” says the expert.
Common blood pressure levels and alert signs
Rojas indicates that ideal levels should be maintained at 120/80 mmhg. When the values exceed 140/90 mmHg, medical care is required. “These levels increase the risk of cerebrovascular events, infarctions and renal and cardiac insufficiencies.”
If, after a month of adequate diet, exercise and care, the values do not decrease, the need for medication, adjusted to the patient’s profile must be evaluated.
What to do in case of high or low pressure?
In high pressure cases with high values, it is essential to go to a health center. “It is not recommended to self -medicate. Each patient requires an individual evaluation,” emphasizes red.
In the case of low pressure, he recommends to lie to the person and raise his legs to improve blood flow to the brain. “If you are aware, you can offer liquids. Once stabilized, you must consult a doctor.”
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Risks of uncontrolled blood pressure
Rojas warns that imbalances in blood pressure can lead to two types of complications: acute and chronic.
- Acute complications: They occur when the values reach or exceed 180/120 mmHg. In these cases there can be a stroke, a heart attack or even sudden death.
- Chronic complications: They appear with sustained values of 140/90 mmHg. These affect vital organs such as:
- Heart: ventricular hypertrophy and heart failure.
- Kidneys: Progressive death of nephrons, which leads to renal dialysis or transplantation.
- Brain: Obstruction of cerebral arteries that causes ischemic spills.
“The body tries to maintain balance – asstasis – but if the damage is prolonged, it can no longer compensate and the consequences appear,” he concludes.
A healthy lifestyle can reduce between 20 and 25 mmHg without the need for medications, experts stand out. (Free Press Photo: Shuttersock)